General Information
DEFINITION--Removal of a blood clot (embolus) that has blocked blood supply to
the leg and foot.
BODY PARTS INVOLVED--Blood vessel in the leg that is called the femoral artery
below the groin and the popliteal artery behind the knee; the heart is the usual source of
the blood clot.
REASONS FOR SURGERY--Restoration of normal blood circulation in the legs.
Re-establishing blood flow can restore muscular function, prevent gangrene and enable
patients to return to normal or almost normal activities.
SURGICAL RISK INCREASES WITH
- Obesity.
- Smoking.
- Rheumatic heart disease or coronary-artery disease.
- Use of drugs such as: antihypertensives; muscle relaxants; tranquilizers; sleep
inducers; insulin; sedatives; narcotics; beta-adrenergic blockers; or cortisone.
What To Expect
WHO OPERATES--General surgeon or vascular surgeon.
WHERE PERFORMED--Outpatient surgical facility or hospital.
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
- Before surgery: Blood and urine studies; arteriogram (See Glossary).
- During surgery: Arteriogram after blood clot is removed.
- After surgery: Blood studies; heart studies, such as sonogram (See Glossary).
ANESTHESIA--Spinal anesthesia by injection.
DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION
- An incision is made over the artery where the clot is lodged.
- The artery is clamped above and below the blood clot.
- The artery is opened above the blood clot.
- A special catheter is passed into the artery beyond the blood clot. The catheter is
expanded with air beyond the clot and then withdrawn, forcing the clots out of the artery.
- An anticoagulant is injected into the artery, and normal blood circulation is restored.
- The clamps are removed from the arteries. Muscles and connective tissue are sewn
together in layers. The skin is closed with sutures or clamps, which usually can be
removed about 1 week after surgery.
POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
- Excessive bleeding.
- Surgical-wound infection.
- Inadvertent injury to the large nerves.
- Recurrent blood clot.
AVERAGE HOSPITAL STAY--0 to 3 days.
PROBABLE OUTCOME--Expect complete healing without complications. Allow about 3
weeks for recovery from surgery.
Postoperative Care
† Move and elevate legs often while resting in bed to decrease the likelihood of
deep--vein blood clots.
† You may use non--prescription drugs, such as acetaminophen, for minor pain.
ACTIVITY
- Resuming daily activities, including work, as soon as you are able can help the healing
process.
- Avoid vigorous exercise for 3 weeks after surgery, but start a walking exercise program
as soon as your doctor recommends.
- Resume driving about 1 week after returning home.
DIET---No special diet.
Call Your Doctor If
† Pain, swelling, redness, drainage or bleeding increases in the surgical area.
- You develop signs of infection: headache, muscle aches, dizziness or a general ill
feeling and fever.
- Your foot becomes cold, discolored or numb.
- Preoperative symptoms don't improve.
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